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To use your current Windows user name and password, click Use Windows Authentication. To enter a database user name and password, click Use the following User Name and Password , and then type your user name and password in the corresponding User Name and Password boxes.

Use strong passwords that combine uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. Weak passwords don’t mix these elements. For example, Y6dh! Passwords should contain 8 or more characters. A pass phrase that uses 14 or more characters is better. It is critical that you remember your password. If you forget your password, Microsoft cannot retrieve it. Store the passwords that you write down in a secure place away from the information that they help protect. Select Next to go to the second wizard screen.

Its title is Select Database and Table. To connect to a specific cube file in the database, make sure that Connect to a specific cube or table is selected, and then select a cube from the list. In the Select the database that contains the data you want box, select a database, and then click Next. Click Next to go to the third wizard screen.

Click Browse to change the default file location of My Data Sources , or check for existing file names. In the Description , Friendly Name , and Search Keywords boxes, type a description of the file, a friendly name, and common search words all are optional.

To ensure that the connection file is used when the PivotTable is refreshed, click Always attempt to use this file to refresh this data. Selecting this check box ensures that updates to the connection file will always be used by all workbooks that use that connection file. You can specify how a PivotTable is accessed if the workbook is saved to Excel Services and is opened by using Excel Services. If you want to ensure that the same data is accessed whether you open the workbook in Excel or Excel Services, make sure that the authentication setting in Excel is the same.

Select Authentication Settings , and select one of the following options to log on to the data source:. Windows Authentication Select this option to use the Windows username and password of the current user. This is the most secure method, but it can affect performance when there are many users.

A site administrator can configure a SharePoint site to use a Single Sign On database where a username and password can be stored. This method can be the most efficient when there are many users. None Select this option to save the username and password in the connection file. Important: Avoid saving logon information when connecting to data sources.

This information may be stored as plain text, and a malicious user could access the information to compromise the security of the data source. Select Finish to close the Data Connection Wizard. Decide how you want to import the data, and then select OK.

For more information about using this dialog box, select the question mark? You can connect to a specific offline cube file if it has been created on the database server. You can also import data into Excel as either a Table or a PivotTable report. In the Navigator pane select the database, and then select the cube or tables you want to connect. Click Load to load the selected table into a worksheet, or click Edit to perform additional data filters and transformations in the Power Query Editor before loading it.

Note: Before you can connect to an Oracle database using Power Query , you need the Oracle client software v8. If you want to import data using native database query, specify your query in the SQL Statement box. For more information, see Import data from database using Native Database Query. For more information about advanced connector options, see Oracle Database.

Select the driver that matches your Power Query installation bit or bit. For more information, see Import data from a database using Native Database Query. For more information about advanced connector options, see MySQL database. Select the driver that matches your Office version bit or bit. For more information, see Which version of Office am I using? Also make sure you have the provider registered in the machine configuration that matches the most recent.

NET version on your device. For more information about advanced connector options, see PostgreSQL. Select the driver that matches your Excel installation bit or bit.

By default, the Encrypt connection check box is selected so that Power Query connects to your database using a simple encrypted connection. Note: Before you can connect to a Teradata database, you need the. This feature is only available in Excel for Windows if you have Office or later, or a Microsoft subscription. If you are a Microsoft subscriber, make sure you have the latest version of Office. You will need an SAP account to login to the website and download the drivers.

If you are unsure, contact the SAP administrator in your organization. The server name should follow the format ServerName:Port. Optionally, if you want to import data using native database query, Select Advanced options and in the SQL Statement box enter the query. Azure SQL Database is a high-performing, fully managed, scalable relational database built for the cloud and used for mission-critical applications.

For more information about advanced connector options, see Azure SQL database. Azure Synapse Analytics combines big data tools and relational queries by using Apache Spark to connect to Azure data services and the Power Platform. You can load millions of rows in no time. Then, you can work with tabular data by using familiar SQL syntax for queries. For more information, see What is Azure Synapse Analytics.

For more information about advanced connector options, see Azure Synapse Analytics. Azure HDInsight is used for big data analysis when you need to process large amounts of data. It supports data warehousing and machine learning; you can think of it as a data flow engine.

Select your cluster in the Navigator dialog, and then find and select a content file. Select Load to load the selected table, or Edit to perform additional data filters and transformations before loading it. If you are connecting to the Blob storage service for the first time, you will be prompted to enter and save the storage access key.

Note: If you need to retrieve your storage access key, browse to the Microsoft Azure Portal , select your storage account, and then select the Manage Access Key icon on the bottom of the page. Select the copy icon to the right of the primary key, and then paste the value in the Account Key box.

The Azure Storage provides storage services for a variety of data objects. For more information, see Introduction to Table storage. Azure Data Lake Storage Gen 1 combines different data warehouses into a single, stored environment.

You can use a new generation of query tools to explore and analyze data, working with petabytes of data. For more information, see Azure Data Lake Storage. Azure Data Explorer is a fast and highly scalable data exploration service for log and telemetry data. It can handle large volumes of diverse data from any data source, such as websites, applications, IoT devices, and more.

For more information, see What is Azure Data Explorer. In the Azure Data Explorer Kusto dialog box, enter appropriate values. Each prompt provides helpful examples to walk you though the process.

You can import Datasets from your organization with appropriate permission by selecting them from the Power BI Datasets pane, and then creating a PivotTable in a new worksheet. The Power BI Datasets pane appears. If many Datasets are available, use the Search box. Select the arrow next to the box to display keyword filters for versions and environments to target your search.

Select a Dataset and create a PivotTable in a new worksheet. Select the 2. As an alternative to 2. For more information about advanced connector options, see SharePoint Online list. If you have many objects, use the Search box to locate an object or use he Display Options along with the Refresh button to filter the list. Select or clear the Skip files with errors checkbox at the bottom of the dialog box. If you select the Advanced option, you can append certain additional parameters to the query to control what data is returned.

If you aren’t signed in using the Microsoft Work or School account you use to access Dataverse for Apps, select Sign in and enter the account username and password.

March 17, April 12, June 19, July 12, September 13, December 5, April 5, May 2, May 3, May 31, June 21, March 11, May 22, July 29, September 10, September 24, December 13, February 25, May 27, Microsoft Website. June 10, Archived from the original on April 26, Retrieved May 14, August 29, Encore Business Solutions. April 22, Retrieved May 9, April 26, July 16, December 16, March 2, April 9, May 11, Archived from the original on August 5, August 31, November 3, November 17, January 19, February 13, March 7, April 6, May 4, May 15, June 6, June 27, July 17, Retrieved December 3, July 18, July 26, September 26, October 2, October 12, Archived from the original on June 9, March 9, May 9, Archived from the original on October 26, Retrieved December 8, August 13, October 5, Archived from the original on March 28, Retrieved August 2, January 22, February 7, Retrieved September 25, February 27, March 14, March 19, April 14, Archived from the original on May 9, April 25, May 26, June 18, June 26, Archived from the original on October 8, Retrieved November 7, August 11, Archived from the original on July 12, September 16, September 28, Archived from the original on February 27, Retrieved November 6, June 1, Retrieved October 8, September 22, Archived from the original on June 26, December 10, Archived from the original on March 6, Retrieved December 10, February 2, Retrieved September 11, October 6, Archived from the original on October 9, Retrieved October 6, Taume News.

Archived from the original on November 14, Archived from the original on May 12, Archived from the original on June 13, Retrieved July 10, November 22, Archived from the original on November 23, Retrieved November 23, November 23, The Next Web. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikimedia list article. News Center. Retrieved May 26, Ars Technica. Retrieved June 2, January 29, Retrieved April 3, January 17, Redmond Magazine.

Retrieved May 30, Windows Vista Team Blog. Archived from the original on November 10, Windows How-to. SuperSite for Windows. Archived from the original on March 16, Retrieved October 23, Our services Business bilingual secretary available to all types of businesses – Special business package November 16, Whatever your need in getting your projet done, or documents, we are experienced enough to provide you with the business communication level suitable to your need.

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C encompasses static typing, strong typing , lexically scoped , imperative , declarative , functional , generic , object-oriented class -based , and component-oriented programming disciplines. Microsoft introduced C along with. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in , a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C programming language.

A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code code editor , Roslyn compiler , and the unified. NET platform software framework , all of which support C and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into. As of July , [update] the most recent stable version of the language is C NET 6. The Ecma standard lists these design goals for C : [16]. During the development of the. By the time the. NET runtime had been ported to C.

In interviews and technical papers he has stated that flaws [23] in most major programming languages e. James Gosling , who created the Java programming language in , and Bill Joy , a co-founder of Sun Microsystems , the originator of Java, called C an “imitation” of Java; Gosling further said that “[C is] sort of Java with reliability, productivity and security deleted. Boring repetition that lacks innovation,” [26] “Hardly anybody will claim that Java or C are revolutionary programming languages that changed the way we write programs,” and “C borrowed a lot from Java – and vice versa.

Now that C supports boxing and unboxing, we’ll have a very similar feature in Java. Since the release of C 2. One of the first major departures came with the addition of generics to both languages, with vastly different implementations.

C makes use of reification to provide “first-class” generic objects that can be used like any other class, with code generation performed at class-load time. The LINQ extensions and the functional imports help developers reduce the amount of boilerplate code that is included in common tasks like querying a database, parsing an xml file, or searching through a data structure, shifting the emphasis onto the actual program logic to help improve readability and maintainability.

C used to have a mascot called Andy named after Anders Hejlsberg. It was retired on January 29, Microsoft first used the name C in for a variant of the C language designed for incremental compilation. The name “C sharp” was inspired by the musical notation whereby a sharp symbol indicates that the written note should be made a semitone higher in pitch. Due to technical limitations of display standard fonts, browsers, etc.

The “sharp” suffix has been used by a number of other. NET languages that are variants of existing languages, including J a. NET language also designed by Microsoft that is derived from Java 1.

NET was called Eiffel , [42] a name retired since the full Eiffel language is now supported. The suffix has also been used for libraries , such as Gtk a. However, the language specification does not state the code generation requirements of the compiler: that is, it does not state that a C compiler must target a Common Language Runtime, or generate Common Intermediate Language CIL , or generate any other specific format. C supports strongly, implicitly typed variable declarations with the keyword var , and implicitly typed arrays with the keyword new[] followed by a collection initializer.

C supports a strict Boolean data type , bool. Statements that take conditions, such as while and if , require an expression of a type that implements the true operator, such as the Boolean type. The only implicit conversions by default are those that are considered safe, such as widening of integers.

This is enforced at compile-time, during JIT , and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between Booleans and integers, nor between enumeration members and integers except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any enumerated type.

Enumeration members are placed in their own scope. The C language does not allow for global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global variables and functions. Metaprogramming can be achieved in several ways:. A method in C is a member of a class that can be invoked as a function a sequence of instructions , rather than the mere value-holding capability of a class property. Certain specific kinds of methods, such as those that simply get or set a class property by return value or assignment, do not require a full signature, but in the general case, the definition of a class includes the full signature declaration of its methods.

Extension methods in C allow programmers to use static methods as if they were methods from a class’s method table, allowing programmers to add methods to an object that they feel should exist on that object and its derivatives. The type dynamic allows for run-time method binding, allowing for JavaScript-like method calls and run-time object composition. C has support for strongly-typed function pointers via the keyword delegate. Synchronized ] , and has support for mutually-exclusive locks via the keyword lock.

C supports classes with properties. The properties can be simple accessor functions with a backing field, or implement getter and setter functions. Since C 3. Namespaces can be imported with the “using” syntax. In C , memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically marked as unsafe , [69] and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run.

Most object access is done through safe object references, which always either point to a “live” object or have the well-defined null value; it is impossible to obtain a reference to a “dead” object one that has been garbage collected , or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can point to an instance of an ‘unmanaged’ value type that does not contain any references to garbage-collected objects, array, string, or a block of stack-allocated memory. Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through the System.

IntPtr type, but it cannot dereference them. Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of memory leaks by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed in most cases. Code that retains references to objects longer than is required can still experience higher memory usage than necessary, however once the final reference to an object is released the memory is available for garbage collection.

A range of standard exceptions are available to programmers. Methods in standard libraries regularly throw system exceptions in some circumstances and the range of exceptions thrown is normally documented. Custom exception classes can be defined for classes allowing specific handling to be put in place for particular circumstances as needed. Checked exceptions are not present in C in contrast to Java.

This has been a conscious decision based on the issues of scalability and versionability. This was a design decision by the language’s lead architect to avoid complications and to simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI. When implementing multiple interfaces that contain a method with the same name and taking parameters of the same type in the same order i.

However, unlike Java, C supports operator overloading. C has the ability to utilize LINQ through the. NET Framework. Using LINQ in C brings advantages like Intellisense support, strong filtering capabilities, type safety with compile error checking ability, and consistency for querying data over a variety of sources. Though primarily an imperative language, C 2. C has a unified type system. A unified type system implies that all types, including primitives such as integers, are subclasses of the System.

Object class. For example, every type inherits a ToString method. CTS separates data types into two categories: [79]. Instances of value types neither have referential identity nor referential comparison semantics. Equality and inequality comparisons for value types compare the actual data values within the instances, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded.

Value types are derived from System. ValueType , always have a default value, and can always be created and copied. Some other limitations on value types are that they cannot derive from each other but can implement interfaces and cannot have an explicit default parameterless constructor. Examples of value types are all primitive types, such as int a signed bit integer , float a bit IEEE floating-point number , char a bit Unicode code unit , and System.

DateTime identifies a specific point in time with nanosecond precision. Other examples are enum enumerations and struct user defined structures.

In contrast, reference types have the notion of referential identity, meaning that each instance of a reference type is inherently distinct from every other instance, even if the data within both instances is the same. This is reflected in default equality and inequality comparisons for reference types, which test for referential rather than structural equality, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded such as the case for System.

Some operations are not always possible, such as creating an instance of a reference type, copying an existing instance, or performing a value comparison on two existing instances. Though specific reference types can provide such services by exposing a public constructor or implementing a corresponding interface such as ICloneable or IComparable.

Examples of reference types are object the ultimate base class for all other C classes , System. String a string of Unicode characters , and System. Array a base class for all C arrays. Boxing is the operation of converting a value-type object into a value of a corresponding reference type.

Unboxing is the operation of converting a value of a reference type previously boxed into a value of a value type. A boxed object of type T can only be unboxed to a T or a nullable T. The C specification details a minimum set of types and class libraries that the compiler expects to have available.

In addition to the standard CLI specifications, there are many commercial and community class libraries that build on top of the. NET framework libraries to provide additional functionality.

Microsoft is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond , Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions.

Microsoft would also come to dominate the office suite market with Microsoft Office. The company’s initial public offering was held on March 14, Of the companies that Microsoft has acquired, were based in the United States. Microsoft has not released financial details for most of these mergers and acquisitions. Since Microsoft’s first acquisition in , it has purchased an average of six companies a year.

The company purchased more than ten companies a year between and , and it acquired 18 firms in , the most in a single year, including Onfolio , Lionhead Studios , Massive Incorporated , ProClarity , Winternals Software, and Colloquis. Microsoft has also purchased several stakes valued at more than a billion dollars.

It obtained an Microsoft’s first acquisition was Forethought on July 30, Forethought was founded in and developed a presentation program that would later be known as Microsoft PowerPoint.

On December 31, , Microsoft acquired Hotmail. Visio, a software company, was founded in as Axon Corporation, and had its initial public offering in November The company, which developed the technology for the Microsoft Dynamics NAV enterprise resource planning software, was integrated into Microsoft as a new division named Microsoft Business Solutions , [7] later renamed to Microsoft Dynamics.

Before the acquisition, aQuantive was ranked 14th in terms of revenue among advertising agencies worldwide. On September 2, , Microsoft announced its intent to acquire the mobile hardware division of Nokia which had established a long-term partnership with Microsoft to produce smartphones built off its Windows Phone platform [16] in a deal worth 3.

Steve Ballmer considered the purchase to be a “bold step into the future” for both companies, primarily as a result of its recent collaborations. The acquisition, scheduled to close in early pending regulatory approval, did not include the Here mapping service or the infrastructure division Nokia Solutions and Networks , which will be retained by Nokia. The acquisition was complete in March 9, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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It’s easy to use, no lengthy sign-ups, and % free! If you have many products or ads, French; Category. Real Estate. Real Estate Sale; Carry out your projects in complete safety. June 17, REU Console Sony playstation 4 black, 1 TB black + PES Euro game PS4 + 2nd controller in excellent condition, in its original. Design goals. The Ecma standard lists these design goals for C#: The language is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language. The language, and implementations thereof, should provide support for software engineering principles such as strong type checking, array bounds checking, detection of attempts to use uninitialized . The acquisition was completed on December 8, On June 4, , Microsoft acquired the popular code repository site GitHub for $ billion in Microsoft stock. On September 21, , Microsoft announced its intent to acquire Zenimax Media and all its subsidiaries for $ billion. The acquisition was complete in March 9, Leverage our proprietary and industry-renowned methodology to develop and refine your strategy, strengthen your teams, and win new business.

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Our research helps clients in marketing, strategy, product development, and more. More Insights. What is Insider Intelligence? Play Video Learn More. Insider Intelligence in the News. Each piece is handmade and unique, and cannot be exactly replicated. Slight variation may occur compared to the pictures. Follow me finding. Earrings purchased are strictly non-exchangeable and non-refundable. Artists Premium is an artistic and event agency specializing in artistic production and organization of shows.

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If all of the items in each column are the same length, select Fixed width. Start import at row Type or select a row number to specify the first row of the data that you want to import.

File origin Select the character set that is used in the text file. In most cases, you can leave this setting at its default. If you know that the text file was created by using a different character set than the character set that you are using on your computer, you should change this setting to match that character set. For example, if your computer is set to use character set Cyrillic, Windows , but you know that the file was produced by using character set Western European, Windows , you should set File Origin to Preview of file This box displays the text as it will appear when it is separated into columns on the worksheet.

Delimiters Select the character that separates values in your text file. If the character is not listed, select the Other check box, and then type the character in the box that contains the cursor. These options are not available if your data type is Fixed width.

Treat consecutive delimiters as one Select this check box if your data contains a delimiter of more than one character between data fields or if your data contains multiple custom delimiters.

Text qualifier Select the character that encloses values in your text file. When Excel encounters the text qualifier character, all of the text that follows that character and precedes the next occurrence of that character is imported as one value, even if the text contains a delimiter character. For example, if the delimiter is a comma , and the text qualifier is a quotation mark ” , “Dallas, Texas” is imported into one cell as Dallas, Texas.

If no character or the apostrophe ‘ is specified as the text qualifier, “Dallas, Texas” is imported into two adjacent cells as “Dallas and Texas”.

If the delimiter character occurs between text qualifiers, Excel omits the qualifiers in the imported value. If no delimiter character occurs between text qualifiers, Excel includes the qualifier character in the imported value. Hence, “Dallas Texas” using the quotation mark text qualifier is imported into one cell as “Dallas Texas”. Data preview Review the text in this box to verify that the text will be separated into columns on the worksheet as you want it.

Data preview Set field widths in this section. Click the preview window to set a column break, which is represented by a vertical line. Double-click a column break to remove it, or drag a column break to move it.

Specify the type of decimal and thousands separators that are used in the text file. When the data is imported into Excel, the separators will match those that are specified for your location in Regional and Language Options or Regional Settings Windows Control Panel.

Column data format Click the data format of the column that is selected in the Data preview section. If you do not want to import the selected column, click Do not import column skip. After you select a data format option for the selected column, the column heading under Data preview displays the format.

If you select Date , select a date format in the Date box. Choose the data format that closely matches the preview data so that Excel can convert the imported data correctly. To convert a column of all currency number characters to the Excel Currency format, select General. To convert a column of all number characters to the Excel Text format, select Text. To convert a column of all date characters, each date in the order of year, month, and day, to the Excel Date format, select Date , and then select the date type of YMD in the Date box.

Excel will import the column as General if the conversion could yield unintended results. If the column contains a mix of formats, such as alphabetical and numeric characters, Excel converts the column to General.

If, in a column of dates, each date is in the order of year, month, and date, and you select Date along with a date type of MDY , Excel converts the column to General format. A column that contains date characters must closely match an Excel built-in date or custom date formats. If Excel does not convert a column to the format that you want, you can convert the data after you import it.

Convert numbers stored as text to numbers. Convert dates stored as text to dates. TEXT function. VALUE function. When you have selected the options you want, click Finish to open the Import Data dialog and choose where to place your data. Set these options to control how the data import process runs, including what data connection properties to use and what file and range to populate with the imported data.

The options under Select how you want to view this data in your workbook are only available if you have a Data Model prepared and select the option to add this import to that model see the third item in this list. If you choose Existing Worksheet , click a cell in the sheet to place the first cell of imported data, or click and drag to select a range.

If you have a Data Model in place, click Add this data to the Data Model to include this import in the model. For more information, see Create a Data Model in Excel. Note that selecting this option unlocks the options under Select how you want to view this data in your workbook.

Click Properties to set any External Data Range properties you want. For more information, see Manage external data ranges and their properties.

In the New Web Query dialog box, enter the address of the web page you want to query in the Address box, and then click Go. In the web page, click the little yellow box with a red arrow next to each table you want to query. None The web data will be imported as plain text. No formatting will be imported, and only link text will be imported from any hyperlinks.

Rich text formatting only The web data will be imported as rich text, but only link text will be imported from any hyperlinks. This option only applies if the preceding option is selected.

If this option is selected, delimiters that don’t have any text between them will be considered one delimiter during the import process. If not selected, the data is imported in blocks of contiguous rows so that header rows will be recognized as such. If selected, dates are imported as text. SQL Server is a full-featured, relational database program that is designed for enterprise-wide data solutions that require optimum performance, availability, scalability, and security.

Strong password: Y6dh! Weak password: house1. Passwords should be 8 or more characters in length. Under Select the database that contains the data you want , select a database. Under Connect to a specific table , select a specific table or view. Alternatively, you can clear the Connect to a specific table check box, so that other users who use this connection file will be prompted for the list of tables and views.

Optionally, in the File Name box, revise the suggested file name. Click Browse to change the default file location My Data Sources.

Optionally, type a description of the file, a friendly name, and common search words in the Description , Friendly Name , and Search Keywords boxes. To ensure that the connection file is always used when the data is updated, click the Always attempt to use this file to refresh this data check box.

This check box ensures that updates to the connection file will always be used by all workbooks that use that connection file. To specify how the external data source of a PivotTable report is accessed if the workbook is saved to Excel Services and is opened by using Excel Services, click Authentication Settings , and then select one of the following options to log on to the data source:. Windows Authentication Select this option to use the Windows user name and password of the current user.

This is the most secure method, but it can affect performance when many users are connected to the server. A site administrator can configure a Windows SharePoint Services site to use a Single Sign On database in which a user name and password can be stored.

This method can be the most efficient when many users are connected to the server. None Select this option to save the user name and password in the connection file. Security Note: Avoid saving logon information when connecting to data sources. Note: The authentication setting is used only by Excel Services, and not by Excel. Under Select how you want to view this data in your workbook , do one of the following:.

To place the data in an existing worksheet, select Existing worksheet , and then type the name of the first cell in the range of cells where you want to locate the data. Alternatively, click Collapse Dialog to temporarily collapse the dialog box, select the beginning cell on the worksheet, and then click Expand Dialog.

To place the data in a new worksheet starting at cell A1, click New worksheet. Optionally, you can change the connection properties and also change the connection file by clicking Properties , making your changes in the Connection Properties dialog box, and then clicking OK.

If you are a developer, there are several approaches within Excel that you can take to import data:. You can use Visual Basic for Applications to gain access to an external data source. You can also define a connection string in your code that specifies the connection information.

Using a connection string is useful, for example, when you want to avoid requiring system administrators or users to first create a connection file, or to simplify the installation of your application. The SQL. You can install the add-in from Office. Power Query for Excel Help. Free video calls with one click, no sign ups, no downloads, no passwords. The Skype team has added the ability to Raise Hand during a group call, with 8.

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Design goals. The Ecma standard lists these design goals for C#: The language is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language. The language, and implementations thereof, should provide support for software engineering principles such as strong type checking, array bounds checking, detection of attempts to use uninitialized . Computer security, cybersecurity (cyber security), or information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems and networks from information disclosure, theft of, or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data, as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.. The field has become of significance due to the . Start quickly with the most recent versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, OneNote and OneDrive —combining the familiarity of Office and the unique Mac features you love. Work online or offline, on your own or with others in real time—whatever . It’s easy to use, no lengthy sign-ups, and % free! If you have many products or ads, French; Category. Real Estate. Real Estate Sale; Carry out your projects in complete safety. June 17, REU Console Sony playstation 4 black, 1 TB black + PES Euro game PS4 + 2nd controller in excellent condition, in its original.

However, unlike Java, C supports operator overloading. C has the ability to utilize LINQ through the. NET Framework.

Using LINQ in C brings advantages like Intellisense support, strong filtering capabilities, type safety with compile error checking ability, and consistency for querying data over a variety of sources. Though primarily an imperative language, C 2. C has a unified type system. A unified type system implies that all types, including primitives such as integers, are subclasses of the System. Object class. For example, every type inherits a ToString method.

CTS separates data types into two categories: [79]. Instances of value types neither have referential identity nor referential comparison semantics.

Equality and inequality comparisons for value types compare the actual data values within the instances, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded. Value types are derived from System. ValueType , always have a default value, and can always be created and copied.

Some other limitations on value types are that they cannot derive from each other but can implement interfaces and cannot have an explicit default parameterless constructor. Examples of value types are all primitive types, such as int a signed bit integer , float a bit IEEE floating-point number , char a bit Unicode code unit , and System.

DateTime identifies a specific point in time with nanosecond precision. Other examples are enum enumerations and struct user defined structures. In contrast, reference types have the notion of referential identity, meaning that each instance of a reference type is inherently distinct from every other instance, even if the data within both instances is the same. This is reflected in default equality and inequality comparisons for reference types, which test for referential rather than structural equality, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded such as the case for System.

Some operations are not always possible, such as creating an instance of a reference type, copying an existing instance, or performing a value comparison on two existing instances.

Though specific reference types can provide such services by exposing a public constructor or implementing a corresponding interface such as ICloneable or IComparable. Examples of reference types are object the ultimate base class for all other C classes , System. String a string of Unicode characters , and System. Array a base class for all C arrays. Boxing is the operation of converting a value-type object into a value of a corresponding reference type.

Unboxing is the operation of converting a value of a reference type previously boxed into a value of a value type. A boxed object of type T can only be unboxed to a T or a nullable T. The C specification details a minimum set of types and class libraries that the compiler expects to have available. In addition to the standard CLI specifications, there are many commercial and community class libraries that build on top of the.

NET framework libraries to provide additional functionality. C can make calls to any library included in the List of. NET libraries and frameworks. The following is a very simple C program, a version of the classic ” Hello world ” example using the top-level statements feature introduced in C 9: [82]. For code written as C 8 or lower, the entry point logic of a program must be written in a Main method inside a type:.

The above line imports all types in the System namespace. For example, the Console class used later in the source code is defined in the System namespace, meaning it can be used without supplying the full name of the type which includes the namespace.

Above is a class definition for the Program class. Everything that follows between the pair of braces describes that class. The curly brackets demarcate the boundaries of a code block. In this first instance, they are marking the start and end of the Program class. This declares the class member method where the program begins execution.

NET runtime calls the Main method. Unlike in Java , the Main method does not need the public keyword, which tells the compiler that the method can be called from anywhere by any class. The static keyword makes the method accessible without an instance of Program. Each console application’s Main entry point must be declared static otherwise the program would require an instance of Program , but any instance would require a program. To avoid that irresolvable circular dependency , C compilers processing console applications like that above report an error if there is no static Main method.

The void keyword declares that Main has no return value. This line writes the output. Console is a static class in the System namespace. It provides an interface to the standard input, output, and error streams for console applications. The program calls the Console method WriteLine , which displays on the console a line with the argument, the string “Hello, world!

This example is similar to the previous example, except that it generates a dialog box that contains the message “Hello, World! Another useful library is the System. Drawing library, which is used to programmatically draw images. For example:. This process usually takes 6—9 months. Microsoft initially agreed not to sue open-source developers for violating patents in non-profit projects for the part of the framework that is covered by the OSP.

NET or Novell’s implementation of. A decade later, Microsoft began developing free, open-source, and cross-platform tooling for C , namely Visual Studio Code ,. NET Core , and Roslyn. Mono joined Microsoft as a project of Xamarin , a Microsoft subsidiary.

Microsoft is leading the development of the open-source reference C compilers and set of tools. To elevate your experience we’ve added the ability to replace your background. This way you can keep doing what you love but with that extra bit of privacy you might need. We are proud to bring you Meet Now experience on Skype!

Set up your call and invite both Skype and external users in as little as 2 clicks. A few months back, we announced the launch of split window for Windows 10, which lets you put your contact list in one window, and each conversation you open in separate windows.

You can now call and have up to 50 people in a call, all at once. Enjoy our latest features on the new Skype for Web using the most current versions of Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome. Take the stress out of turning on your video and put the focus where it belongs – on you! For more information about advanced connector options, see XML. The Import Data dialog box appears. For more information about advanced connector options, see JSON.

NET Framework 4. You can download the latest. NET Framework from here. Select your PDF file, and then click Open. The Navigator dialog box opens your PDF and displays available tables. For more information about advanced connector options, see PDF. You can import data from several files having a similar schema and format from a folder. Then, you can append the data into one table. In the Browse dialog box, locate the folder, and then select Open.

For detailed steps, see Import data from a folder with multiple files. For more information about advanced connector options, see Folder. You can import data from several files having a similar schema and format from a SharePoint library. In the SharePoint Folder dialog box, enter the root URL for the SharePoint site not including any reference to a library, and then navigate to the library. For more information about advanced connector options, see SharePoint folder.

Optionally, you can specify a Database Name as well. If you want to import data using a native database query, specify your query in the SQL Statement box.

Windows This is the default selection. Select this if you want to connect using Windows authentication. After you select this, specify a user name and password to connect to your SQL Server instance. By default, the Encrypt connection check box is selected to signify that Power Query connects to your database using an encrypted connection.

If you do not want to connect using an encrypted connection, clear this check box, and then click Connect. If a connection to your SQL Server is not established using an encrypted connection, Power Query prompts you to connect using an unencrypted connection.

Click OK in the message to connect using an unencrypted connection. For more information about advanced connector options, see SQL Server database. In the Import Data dialog box, browse for and locate the Access database file.

Select the file, and then select Open. The Navigator dialog box appears. If you have many tables and queries, use the Search box to locate an object or use the Display Options along with the Refresh button to filter the list. For more information about advanced connector options, see Access database. Note When you use a workbook connected to a SQL Server Analysis Services database, you may need additional information to answer specific product questions, such as reference information about multidimensional expressions MDX , or configuration procedures for an online analytical processing OLAP server.

The first page of the Data Connection Wizard appears. Its title is Connect to Database Server. Tip: If you know the name of the offline cube file that you want to connect to, you can type the complete file path, file name, and extension.

Under Log on credentials , do one of the following, then click Next :. To use your current Windows user name and password, click Use Windows Authentication.

To enter a database user name and password, click Use the following User Name and Password , and then type your user name and password in the corresponding User Name and Password boxes. Use strong passwords that combine uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. Weak passwords don’t mix these elements. For example, Y6dh! Passwords should contain 8 or more characters. A pass phrase that uses 14 or more characters is better. It is critical that you remember your password. If you forget your password, Microsoft cannot retrieve it.

Store the passwords that you write down in a secure place away from the information that they help protect. Select Next to go to the second wizard screen. Its title is Select Database and Table. To connect to a specific cube file in the database, make sure that Connect to a specific cube or table is selected, and then select a cube from the list.

In the Select the database that contains the data you want box, select a database, and then click Next. Click Next to go to the third wizard screen. Click Browse to change the default file location of My Data Sources , or check for existing file names.

In the Description , Friendly Name , and Search Keywords boxes, type a description of the file, a friendly name, and common search words all are optional. To ensure that the connection file is used when the PivotTable is refreshed, click Always attempt to use this file to refresh this data. Selecting this check box ensures that updates to the connection file will always be used by all workbooks that use that connection file. You can specify how a PivotTable is accessed if the workbook is saved to Excel Services and is opened by using Excel Services.

If you want to ensure that the same data is accessed whether you open the workbook in Excel or Excel Services, make sure that the authentication setting in Excel is the same. Select Authentication Settings , and select one of the following options to log on to the data source:. Windows Authentication Select this option to use the Windows username and password of the current user.

This is the most secure method, but it can affect performance when there are many users. A site administrator can configure a SharePoint site to use a Single Sign On database where a username and password can be stored. This method can be the most efficient when there are many users. None Select this option to save the username and password in the connection file.

Important: Avoid saving logon information when connecting to data sources. This information may be stored as plain text, and a malicious user could access the information to compromise the security of the data source. Select Finish to close the Data Connection Wizard. Decide how you want to import the data, and then select OK. For more information about using this dialog box, select the question mark? You can connect to a specific offline cube file if it has been created on the database server.

You can also import data into Excel as either a Table or a PivotTable report. In the Navigator pane select the database, and then select the cube or tables you want to connect. Click Load to load the selected table into a worksheet, or click Edit to perform additional data filters and transformations in the Power Query Editor before loading it.

Note: Before you can connect to an Oracle database using Power Query , you need the Oracle client software v8. If you want to import data using native database query, specify your query in the SQL Statement box. For more information, see Import data from database using Native Database Query. For more information about advanced connector options, see Oracle Database.

Select the driver that matches your Power Query installation bit or bit. For more information, see Import data from a database using Native Database Query. For more information about advanced connector options, see MySQL database.

Select the driver that matches your Office version bit or bit. For more information, see Which version of Office am I using?

Also make sure you have the provider registered in the machine configuration that matches the most recent. NET version on your device. For more information about advanced connector options, see PostgreSQL. Select the driver that matches your Excel installation bit or bit. By default, the Encrypt connection check box is selected so that Power Query connects to your database using a simple encrypted connection.

Note: Before you can connect to a Teradata database, you need the. This feature is only available in Excel for Windows if you have Office or later, or a Microsoft subscription. If you are a Microsoft subscriber, make sure you have the latest version of Office. You will need an SAP account to login to the website and download the drivers. If you are unsure, contact the SAP administrator in your organization. The server name should follow the format ServerName:Port. Melinda Newman.

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On 22 May , the UN Security Council held its second ever informal meeting on cybersecurity to focus on cyber challenges to international peace. GDPR requires that business processes that handle personal data be built with data protection by design and by default. Since , Canada has had a cybersecurity strategy. Public Safety Canada aims to begin an evaluation of Canada’s cybersecurity strategy in early The LSG was created to overcome the incoherent policies and overlapping responsibilities that characterized China’s former cyberspace decision-making mechanisms.

The LSG oversees policy-making in the economic, political, cultural, social and military fields as they relate to network security and IT strategy. This LSG also coordinates major policy initiatives in the international arena that promote norms and standards favored by the Chinese government and that emphasizes the principle of national sovereignty in cyberspace.

According to the Minister, the primary task of the new organization founded on 23 February , is to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure and mentioned incidents like Stuxnet. Some provisions for cybersecurity have been incorporated into rules framed under the Information Technology Act The National Cyber Security Policy is a policy framework by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology MeitY which aims to protect the public and private infrastructure from cyberattacks, and safeguard “information, such as personal information of web users , financial and banking information and sovereign data”.

CERT- In is the nodal agency which monitors the cyber threats in the country. The Indian Companies Act has also introduced cyber law and cybersecurity obligations on the part of Indian directors. Some provisions for cybersecurity have been incorporated into rules framed under the Information Technology Act Update in Following cyberattacks in the first half of , when the government, news media, television stations, and bank websites were compromised, the national government committed to the training of 5, new cybersecurity experts by The South Korean government blamed its northern counterpart for these attacks, as well as incidents that occurred in , , [] and , but Pyongyang denies the accusations.

The 18 U. It prohibits unauthorized access or damage of “protected computers” as defined in 18 U. Although various other measures have been proposed [] [] — none has succeeded.

In response to the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack [] President Joe Biden signed Executive Order [] on May 12, , to increase software security standards for sales to the government, tighten detection and security on existing systems, improve information sharing and training, establish a Cyber Safety Review Board, and improve incident response.

The Department of Homeland Security has a dedicated division responsible for the response system, risk management program and requirements for cybersecurity in the United States called the National Cyber Security Division. In addition to its own specific duties, the FBI participates alongside non-profit organizations such as InfraGard.

The CCIPS is in charge of investigating computer crime and intellectual property crime and is specialized in the search and seizure of digital evidence in computers and networks. The U. Federal Communications Commission ‘s role in cybersecurity is to strengthen the protection of critical communications infrastructure, to assist in maintaining the reliability of networks during disasters, to aid in swift recovery after, and to ensure that first responders have access to effective communications services.

The Food and Drug Administration has issued guidance for medical devices, [] and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [] is concerned with automotive cybersecurity. After being criticized by the Government Accountability Office , [] and following successful attacks on airports and claimed attacks on airplanes, the Federal Aviation Administration has devoted funding to securing systems on board the planes of private manufacturers, and the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System.

In the US, two distinct organizations exist, although they do work closely together. There is growing concern that cyberspace will become the next theater of warfare. In the future, wars will not just be fought by soldiers with guns or with planes that drop bombs. They will also be fought with the click of a mouse a half a world away that unleashes carefully weaponized computer programs that disrupt or destroy critical industries like utilities, transportation, communications, and energy.

Such attacks could also disable military networks that control the movement of troops, the path of jet fighters, the command and control of warships. This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism. The United States Cyber Command was created in [] and many other countries have similar forces.

There are a few critical voices that question whether cybersecurity is as significant a threat as it is made out to be. Cybersecurity is a fast-growing field of IT concerned with reducing organizations’ risk of hack or data breaches. The fastest increases in demand for cybersecurity workers are in industries managing increasing volumes of consumer data such as finance, health care, and retail. Typical cybersecurity job titles and descriptions include: [].

Student programs are also available for people interested in beginning a career in cybersecurity. In the United Kingdom, a nationwide set of cybersecurity forums, known as the U. K Cyber Security Forum , were established supported by the Government’s cybersecurity strategy [] in order to encourage start-ups and innovation and to address the skills gap [] identified by the U.

K Government. The framework defines emerging cybersecurity roles in Operational Technology. It outlines the different OT cybersecurity job positions as well as the technical skills and core competencies necessary. It also depicts the many career paths available, including vertical and lateral advancement opportunities. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage.

Phreaking Cryptovirology Hacking of consumer electronics List of hackers. Hacker culture and ethic. Computer crime. Crimeware List of computer criminals Script kiddie. Hacking tools. Exploit forensics-focused operating systems Payload Social engineering Vulnerability. Practice sites. HackThisSite Zone-H. Computer security.

Application security Cloud computing security Network security. Main article: Vulnerability computing. Main article: Side-channel attack.

Main article: Spoofing attack. See also: Medical device hijack and Medical data breach. Main article: Secure by design. Main article: Vulnerability management. See also: Computer security compromised by hardware failure. Main article: Security-evaluated operating system. Main article: Secure coding. Main articles: Access control list , Role-based access control , and Capability-based security. Further information: List of cyber-attacks and List of data breaches.

Main article: Morris worm. Main article: Global surveillance disclosures —present. Main article: Ashley Madison Data Breach. Main article: Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack. Main article: Computer emergency response team. This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. January Main article: Cyberwarfare. Ross J. Denning Peter J. Neumann Susan Nycum Paul C. Stolfo Willis Ware Moti Yung. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law.

ISSN Retrieved 12 July The Australian. Politics and Governance. S2CID Neumann, N. Statland and R. Webb Retrieved 19 June Retrieved 16 January Retrieved 31 May April The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 February Lost to Hackers”.

The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December Retrieved 9 February Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 4 August Archived from the original on 15 August Retrieved 17 August Retrieved 25 March Archived from the original on 6 August Retrieved 12 November MSSP Alert.

Retrieved 11 May SC Magazine UK. Archived from the original on 13 September Retrieved 4 July Consumer Information. Retrieved 17 February Reversing: secrets of reverseengineering. ISBN Archived PDF from the original on 3 December Retrieved 16 April Financial Times. Archived from the original on 23 June Retrieved 7 May Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 May Retrieved 20 May Archived from the original on 30 June Oxford Reference.

Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 October Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. London: Springer. LCCN Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 4 August Retrieved 3 August Procedia Economics and Finance.

Reimers, D. Retrieved 17 September South African Computer Journal. Emory Law Journal. SSRN Minnesota Law Review. CNN Money. Cable News Network. Archived from the original on 18 February Zellan, Aviation Security. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science, , pp. Archived from the original on 8 February Retrieved 19 March Archived from the original on 13 October Retrieved 21 November Archived from the original on 12 December Archived from the original on 19 March Archived from the original on 13 March Retrieved 15 June Cybersecurity Firms Are On It”.

Archived from the original on 11 February The following sections provide steps for using Power Query to connect to your data sources – web pages, text files, databases, online services, and Excel files, tables, and ranges. Make sure you have downloaded, installed, and activated the Power Query Add-In.

For Use alternate credenitals authentication, enter your Username and Password. Power Query is not available in Excel However, you can still connect to external data sources. Step 1: Create a connection with another workbook. Near the bottom of the Existing Connections dialog box, click Browse for More. In the Select Table dialog box, select a table worksheet , and click OK. You can rename a table by clicking on the Properties button.

You can also add a description. Click Existing Connections , choose the table, and click Open. In the Import Data dialog box, choose where to put the data in your workbook and whether to view the data as a Table , PivotTable , or PivotChart.

In the Select Data Source dialog box, browse to the Access database. In the Select Table dialog box, select the tables or queries you want to use, and click OK. You can click Finish , or click Next to change details for the connection.

In the Import Data dialog box, choose where to put the data in your workbook and whether to view the data as a table, PivotTable report, or PivotChart. Click the Properties button to set advanced properties for the connection, such as options for refreshing the connected data.

Optionally, you can add the data to the Data Model so that you can combine your data with other tables or data from other sources, create relationships between tables, and do much more than you can with a basic PivotTable report. Then, in the Import Text File dialog box, double-click the text file that you want to import, and the Text Import Wizard dialog will open. Original data type If items in the text file are separated by tabs, colons, semicolons, spaces, or other characters, select Delimited.

If all of the items in each column are the same length, select Fixed width. Start import at row Type or select a row number to specify the first row of the data that you want to import.

File origin Select the character set that is used in the text file. In most cases, you can leave this setting at its default. If you know that the text file was created by using a different character set than the character set that you are using on your computer, you should change this setting to match that character set.

For example, if your computer is set to use character set Cyrillic, Windows , but you know that the file was produced by using character set Western European, Windows , you should set File Origin to Preview of file This box displays the text as it will appear when it is separated into columns on the worksheet.

Delimiters Select the character that separates values in your text file. If the character is not listed, select the Other check box, and then type the character in the box that contains the cursor. These options are not available if your data type is Fixed width. Treat consecutive delimiters as one Select this check box if your data contains a delimiter of more than one character between data fields or if your data contains multiple custom delimiters.

Text qualifier Select the character that encloses values in your text file. When Excel encounters the text qualifier character, all of the text that follows that character and precedes the next occurrence of that character is imported as one value, even if the text contains a delimiter character. For example, if the delimiter is a comma , and the text qualifier is a quotation mark ” , “Dallas, Texas” is imported into one cell as Dallas, Texas.

If no character or the apostrophe ‘ is specified as the text qualifier, “Dallas, Texas” is imported into two adjacent cells as “Dallas and Texas”. If the delimiter character occurs between text qualifiers, Excel omits the qualifiers in the imported value. If no delimiter character occurs between text qualifiers, Excel includes the qualifier character in the imported value. Hence, “Dallas Texas” using the quotation mark text qualifier is imported into one cell as “Dallas Texas”. Data preview Review the text in this box to verify that the text will be separated into columns on the worksheet as you want it.

Data preview Set field widths in this section. Click the preview window to set a column break, which is represented by a vertical line. Double-click a column break to remove it, or drag a column break to move it. Specify the type of decimal and thousands separators that are used in the text file. When the data is imported into Excel, the separators will match those that are specified for your location in Regional and Language Options or Regional Settings Windows Control Panel. Column data format Click the data format of the column that is selected in the Data preview section.

If you do not want to import the selected column, click Do not import column skip. After you select a data format option for the selected column, the column heading under Data preview displays the format. If you select Date , select a date format in the Date box. Choose the data format that closely matches the preview data so that Excel can convert the imported data correctly.

To convert a column of all currency number characters to the Excel Currency format, select General. To convert a column of all number characters to the Excel Text format, select Text. To convert a column of all date characters, each date in the order of year, month, and day, to the Excel Date format, select Date , and then select the date type of YMD in the Date box. Excel will import the column as General if the conversion could yield unintended results.

If the column contains a mix of formats, such as alphabetical and numeric characters, Excel converts the column to General. If, in a column of dates, each date is in the order of year, month, and date, and you select Date along with a date type of MDY , Excel converts the column to General format. A column that contains date characters must closely match an Excel built-in date or custom date formats.

If Excel does not convert a column to the format that you want, you can convert the data after you import it. Convert numbers stored as text to numbers. Convert dates stored as text to dates.

TEXT function. VALUE function. When you have selected the options you want, click Finish to open the Import Data dialog and choose where to place your data. Set these options to control how the data import process runs, including what data connection properties to use and what file and range to populate with the imported data.

The options under Select how you want to view this data in your workbook are only available if you have a Data Model prepared and select the option to add this import to that model see the third item in this list. If you choose Existing Worksheet , click a cell in the sheet to place the first cell of imported data, or click and drag to select a range. If you have a Data Model in place, click Add this data to the Data Model to include this import in the model.

For more information, see Create a Data Model in Excel. Note that selecting this option unlocks the options under Select how you want to view this data in your workbook. Click Properties to set any External Data Range properties you want. For more information, see Manage external data ranges and their properties. In the New Web Query dialog box, enter the address of the web page you want to query in the Address box, and then click Go.

In the web page, click the little yellow box with a red arrow next to each table you want to query. None The web data will be imported as plain text. No formatting will be imported, and only link text will be imported from any hyperlinks. Rich text formatting only The web data will be imported as rich text, but only link text will be imported from any hyperlinks. This option only applies if the preceding option is selected. If this option is selected, delimiters that don’t have any text between them will be considered one delimiter during the import process.

If not selected, the data is imported in blocks of contiguous rows so that header rows will be recognized as such. If selected, dates are imported as text. SQL Server is a full-featured, relational database program that is designed for enterprise-wide data solutions that require optimum performance, availability, scalability, and security. Strong password: Y6dh! Weak password: house1. Passwords should be 8 or more characters in length.

Under Select the database that contains the data you want , select a database. Under Connect to a specific table , select a specific table or view. Alternatively, you can clear the Connect to a specific table check box, so that other users who use this connection file will be prompted for the list of tables and views. Optionally, in the File Name box, revise the suggested file name.

Click Browse to change the default file location My Data Sources. Optionally, type a description of the file, a friendly name, and common search words in the Description , Friendly Name , and Search Keywords boxes.

To ensure that the connection file is always used when the data is updated, click the Always attempt to use this file to refresh this data check box. This check box ensures that updates to the connection file will always be used by all workbooks that use that connection file.

To specify how the external data source of a PivotTable report is accessed if the workbook is saved to Excel Services and is opened by using Excel Services, click Authentication Settings , and then select one of the following options to log on to the data source:. Windows Authentication Select this option to use the Windows user name and password of the current user. This is the most secure method, but it can affect performance when many users are connected to the server.

A site administrator can configure a Windows SharePoint Services site to use a Single Sign On database in which a user name and password can be stored. This method can be the most efficient when many users are connected to the server. None Select this option to save the user name and password in the connection file. Security Note: Avoid saving logon information when connecting to data sources. Note: The authentication setting is used only by Excel Services, and not by Excel.

Under Select how you want to view this data in your workbook , do one of the following:. To place the data in an existing worksheet, select Existing worksheet , and then type the name of the first cell in the range of cells where you want to locate the data. Alternatively, click Collapse Dialog to temporarily collapse the dialog box, select the beginning cell on the worksheet, and then click Expand Dialog. To place the data in a new worksheet starting at cell A1, click New worksheet.

Optionally, you can change the connection properties and also change the connection file by clicking Properties , making your changes in the Connection Properties dialog box, and then clicking OK. If you are a developer, there are several approaches within Excel that you can take to import data:. You can use Visual Basic for Applications to gain access to an external data source.

You can also define a connection string in your code that specifies the connection information. Using a connection string is useful, for example, when you want to avoid requiring system administrators or users to first create a connection file, or to simplify the installation of your application. The SQL. You can install the add-in from Office. Power Query for Excel Help. Import data from database using native database query.

Use multiple tables to create a PivotTable. Import data from a database in Excel for Mac. Getting data docs. Import and analyze data. Import data. The New York Times. July 31, Retrieved November 16, Thomson Financial. March 31, Retrieved October 30, June 29, February 28, Archived from the original on July 21, September 27, November 1, November 15, February 23, July 10, October 17, November 6, December 12, Archived from the original on August 4, January 16, March 6, March 12, April 16, April 23, June 11, June 17, February 3, Microsoft Corp.

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Earrings purchased are strictly non-exchangeable and non-refundable. Artists Premium is an artistic and event agency specializing in artistic production and organization of shows. Our agency has a catalog of music bands and professional artists from authentic gospel in the African American style, reggae, jazz, soul, Pop, dance Gospel choir for concerts, weddings, and other events June 09, You are organizing an event and you want to listen to the real gospel?

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It includes the garbage collector, JIT compiler, primitive data types and low-level classes. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. Retrieved February 12, Cray Inc. October 1, Retrieved January 14, Archived from the original on January 11, Retrieved January 11, It’s heavily inspired by Ruby, and other languages like C , Go and Python.

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Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C , CLU, and far too many others to list. Ecma International. June Retrieved January 26, November 8, NET 6 — the Fastest. NET Yet”. Retrieved October 6, Retrieved February 23, Net originally written in? Archived from the original on June 24, Retrieved February 21, Archived from the original on May 18, Retrieved October 1, Archived from the original on April 7, Retrieved April 7, Retrieved May 28, Retrieved January 12, O’Reilly Media.

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NET History Lesson”. Archived from the original on February 14, Retrieved March 25, Microsoft Research. Archived from the original on February 18, NET Framework”. Archived from the original on December 18, Retrieved June 11, Microsoft Developer Network. NET 2. May 13, C lead architect. Retrieved September 21, MSDN Blogs. Archived from the original on June 4, Archived from the original on January 12, Retrieved February 13, Microsoft Docs. December 21, NET Blog.

March 9, Retrieved June 9, Retrieved October 9, Retrieved June 23, Retrieved October 15, Retrieved November 10, Retrieved August 8, NET 4 Six-in-One. Wrox Press. ISBN Retrieved May 14, Retrieved March 5, Guadeloupe Scribe Business Administration is a leading young business in marketing, communication and press relation at your services. With a past experience in graphic design proficiency, the team is waiting to boost your business on the market undoubtedly.

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Such attacks could also disable military networks that control the movement of troops, the path of jet fighters, the command and control of warships. This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism.

The United States Cyber Command was created in [] and many other countries have similar forces. There are a few critical voices that question whether cybersecurity is as significant a threat as it is made out to be. Cybersecurity is a fast-growing field of IT concerned with reducing organizations’ risk of hack or data breaches. The fastest increases in demand for cybersecurity workers are in industries managing increasing volumes of consumer data such as finance, health care, and retail.

Typical cybersecurity job titles and descriptions include: []. Student programs are also available for people interested in beginning a career in cybersecurity. In the United Kingdom, a nationwide set of cybersecurity forums, known as the U. K Cyber Security Forum , were established supported by the Government’s cybersecurity strategy [] in order to encourage start-ups and innovation and to address the skills gap [] identified by the U. K Government.

The framework defines emerging cybersecurity roles in Operational Technology. It outlines the different OT cybersecurity job positions as well as the technical skills and core competencies necessary. It also depicts the many career paths available, including vertical and lateral advancement opportunities. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage. Phreaking Cryptovirology Hacking of consumer electronics List of hackers. Hacker culture and ethic. Computer crime. Crimeware List of computer criminals Script kiddie. Hacking tools.

Exploit forensics-focused operating systems Payload Social engineering Vulnerability. Practice sites. HackThisSite Zone-H. Computer security. Application security Cloud computing security Network security.

Main article: Vulnerability computing. Main article: Side-channel attack. Main article: Spoofing attack. See also: Medical device hijack and Medical data breach. Main article: Secure by design. Main article: Vulnerability management. See also: Computer security compromised by hardware failure.

Main article: Security-evaluated operating system. Main article: Secure coding. Main articles: Access control list , Role-based access control , and Capability-based security.

Further information: List of cyber-attacks and List of data breaches. Main article: Morris worm. Main article: Global surveillance disclosures —present. Main article: Ashley Madison Data Breach. Main article: Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack. Main article: Computer emergency response team. This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. January Main article: Cyberwarfare.

Ross J. Denning Peter J. Neumann Susan Nycum Paul C. Stolfo Willis Ware Moti Yung. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law. ISSN Retrieved 12 July The Australian. Politics and Governance. S2CID Neumann, N. Statland and R. Webb Retrieved 19 June Retrieved 16 January Retrieved 31 May April The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 February Lost to Hackers”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December Retrieved 9 February Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 4 August Archived from the original on 15 August Retrieved 17 August Retrieved 25 March Archived from the original on 6 August Retrieved 12 November MSSP Alert.

Retrieved 11 May SC Magazine UK. Archived from the original on 13 September Retrieved 4 July Consumer Information. Retrieved 17 February Reversing: secrets of reverseengineering. ISBN Archived PDF from the original on 3 December Retrieved 16 April Financial Times.

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Reimers, D. Retrieved 17 September South African Computer Journal. Emory Law Journal. SSRN Minnesota Law Review. CNN Money. Cable News Network. Archived from the original on 18 February Zellan, Aviation Security. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science, , pp. Archived from the original on 8 February Retrieved 19 March Archived from the original on 13 October Retrieved 21 November Archived from the original on 12 December Archived from the original on 19 March Archived from the original on 13 March Retrieved 15 June Cybersecurity Firms Are On It”.

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Business Insider. Archived from the original on 17 December Retrieved 18 December Lee 18 January Archived from the original on 17 March Archived PDF from the original on 9 November Retrieved 4 November Archived from the original on 20 January Retrieved 22 January The Guardian.

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This LSG also coordinates major policy initiatives in the international arena that promote norms and standards favored by the Chinese government and that emphasizes the principle of national sovereignty in cyberspace.

According to the Minister, the primary task of the new organization founded on 23 February , is to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure and mentioned incidents like Stuxnet. Some provisions for cybersecurity have been incorporated into rules framed under the Information Technology Act The National Cyber Security Policy is a policy framework by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology MeitY which aims to protect the public and private infrastructure from cyberattacks, and safeguard “information, such as personal information of web users , financial and banking information and sovereign data”.

CERT- In is the nodal agency which monitors the cyber threats in the country. The Indian Companies Act has also introduced cyber law and cybersecurity obligations on the part of Indian directors. Some provisions for cybersecurity have been incorporated into rules framed under the Information Technology Act Update in Following cyberattacks in the first half of , when the government, news media, television stations, and bank websites were compromised, the national government committed to the training of 5, new cybersecurity experts by The South Korean government blamed its northern counterpart for these attacks, as well as incidents that occurred in , , [] and , but Pyongyang denies the accusations.

The 18 U. It prohibits unauthorized access or damage of “protected computers” as defined in 18 U. Although various other measures have been proposed [] [] — none has succeeded.

In response to the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack [] President Joe Biden signed Executive Order [] on May 12, , to increase software security standards for sales to the government, tighten detection and security on existing systems, improve information sharing and training, establish a Cyber Safety Review Board, and improve incident response. The Department of Homeland Security has a dedicated division responsible for the response system, risk management program and requirements for cybersecurity in the United States called the National Cyber Security Division.

In addition to its own specific duties, the FBI participates alongside non-profit organizations such as InfraGard. The CCIPS is in charge of investigating computer crime and intellectual property crime and is specialized in the search and seizure of digital evidence in computers and networks. The U. Federal Communications Commission ‘s role in cybersecurity is to strengthen the protection of critical communications infrastructure, to assist in maintaining the reliability of networks during disasters, to aid in swift recovery after, and to ensure that first responders have access to effective communications services.

The Food and Drug Administration has issued guidance for medical devices, [] and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [] is concerned with automotive cybersecurity. After being criticized by the Government Accountability Office , [] and following successful attacks on airports and claimed attacks on airplanes, the Federal Aviation Administration has devoted funding to securing systems on board the planes of private manufacturers, and the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System.

In the US, two distinct organizations exist, although they do work closely together. There is growing concern that cyberspace will become the next theater of warfare. In the future, wars will not just be fought by soldiers with guns or with planes that drop bombs. They will also be fought with the click of a mouse a half a world away that unleashes carefully weaponized computer programs that disrupt or destroy critical industries like utilities, transportation, communications, and energy.

Such attacks could also disable military networks that control the movement of troops, the path of jet fighters, the command and control of warships. This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism.

The United States Cyber Command was created in [] and many other countries have similar forces. There are a few critical voices that question whether cybersecurity is as significant a threat as it is made out to be. Cybersecurity is a fast-growing field of IT concerned with reducing organizations’ risk of hack or data breaches. The fastest increases in demand for cybersecurity workers are in industries managing increasing volumes of consumer data such as finance, health care, and retail.

Typical cybersecurity job titles and descriptions include: []. Student programs are also available for people interested in beginning a career in cybersecurity. In the United Kingdom, a nationwide set of cybersecurity forums, known as the U. K Cyber Security Forum , were established supported by the Government’s cybersecurity strategy [] in order to encourage start-ups and innovation and to address the skills gap [] identified by the U.

K Government. The framework defines emerging cybersecurity roles in Operational Technology. It outlines the different OT cybersecurity job positions as well as the technical skills and core competencies necessary. It also depicts the many career paths available, including vertical and lateral advancement opportunities. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage. Phreaking Cryptovirology Hacking of consumer electronics List of hackers.

Hacker culture and ethic. Computer crime. Crimeware List of computer criminals Script kiddie. Hacking tools. Exploit forensics-focused operating systems Payload Social engineering Vulnerability. Practice sites. HackThisSite Zone-H. Computer security. Application security Cloud computing security Network security. Main article: Vulnerability computing. Main article: Side-channel attack. Main article: Spoofing attack. See also: Medical device hijack and Medical data breach.

Main article: Secure by design. Main article: Vulnerability management. See also: Computer security compromised by hardware failure. Main article: Security-evaluated operating system. Main article: Secure coding. Main articles: Access control list , Role-based access control , and Capability-based security. Further information: List of cyber-attacks and List of data breaches. Main article: Morris worm. Main article: Global surveillance disclosures —present. Main article: Ashley Madison Data Breach.

Main article: Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack. Main article: Computer emergency response team. This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. January Main article: Cyberwarfare. Ross J. Denning Peter J. Neumann Susan Nycum Paul C. Stolfo Willis Ware Moti Yung.

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law. ISSN Retrieved 12 July The Australian. Politics and Governance. S2CID Neumann, N. Statland and R. Webb Retrieved 19 June Retrieved 16 January Retrieved 31 May April The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 February Lost to Hackers”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December Retrieved 9 February Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 4 August Archived from the original on 15 August Retrieved 17 August Retrieved 25 March Archived from the original on 6 August Retrieved 12 November MSSP Alert.

Retrieved 11 May SC Magazine UK. Archived from the original on 13 September Retrieved 4 July Consumer Information. Retrieved 17 February Reversing: secrets of reverseengineering. ISBN Archived PDF from the original on 3 December Retrieved 16 April Financial Times.

Archived from the original on 23 June Retrieved 7 May Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 May Retrieved 20 May Archived from the original on 30 June Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 October Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

London: Springer. LCCN Microsoft Query has been around a long time and is still popular. In many ways, it’s a progenitor of Power Query. For more information, see Use Microsoft Query to retrieve external data. By default, the most general URL is selected.

Select Anonymous if the SharePoint Server does not require any credentials. Select Organizational account if the SharePoint Server requires organizational account credentials. For more information about advanced connector options, see SharePoint list.

Select Marketplace key if the OData feed requires a Marketplace account key. Click Organizational account if the OData feed requires federated access credentials. For Windows Live ID, log into your account. For more information about advanced connector options, see OData feed. HDFS connects computer nodes within clusters over which data files are distributed and you can access these data files as one seamless file stream.

Enter the name of the server in the Server box, and then select OK. In the Active Directory Domain dialog box for your domain, select Use my current credentials , or select Use alternate credentials and then enter your Username and Password. After the connection succeeds, use the Navigator pane to browse all the domains available within your Active Directory, and then drill down into Active Directory information including Users, Accounts, and Computers.

In the next dialog box, select from Default or Custom , Windows , or Database connection options, enter your credentials, and then select Connect. In the Navigator pane, select the tables or queries that you want to connect to, then select Load or Edit.

For more information about advanced connector options, see ODBC data source. In the Navigator dialog box, select the database, and tables or queries you want to connect to, and then select Load or Edit. Important: Retirement of Facebook data connector notice Import and refresh data from Facebook in Excel will stop working in April, Note: If this is the first time you’ve connected to Facebook, you will be asked to provide credentials.

Sign in using your Facebook account, and allow access to the Power Query application. You can turn off future prompts by clicking the Don’t warn me again for this connector option. Note: Your Facebook username is different from your login email. Select a category to connect to from the Connection drop-down list. For example, select Friends to give you access to all information available in your Facebook Friends category.

If necessary, click Sign in from the Access Facebook dialog, then enter your Facebook email or phone number, and password. You can check the option to remain logged in. Once signed in, click Connect. After the connection succeeds, you will be able to preview a table containing information about the selected category. For instance, if you select the Friends category, Power Query renders a table containing your Facebook friends by name. You can create a blank query. You might want to enter data to try out some commands, or you can select the source data from Power Query:.

For more information, see Manage data source settings and permissions. This command is similar to the Get Data command on the Data tab of the Excel ribbon. This command is similar to the Recent Sources command on the Data tab of the Excel ribbon. When you merge two external data sources, you join two queries that create a relationship between two tables. When you append two or more queries, the data is added to a query based on the names of the column headers in both tables. The queries are appended in the order in which they’re selected.

For more information, see Append queries Power Query. You can use the Power Query add-in to connect to external data sources and perform advanced data analyses. The following sections provide steps for connecting to your data sources – web pages, text files, databases, online services, and Excel files, tables, and ranges. Click the Power Query check box, then OK. The Power Query ribbon should appear automatically, but if it doesn’t, close and restart Excel.

The following video shows the Query Editor window appearing after editing a query from an Excel workbook. The following video shows one way to display the Query Editor. These automatic actions are equivalent to manually promoting a row and manually changing each column type.

For example:. The following video shows the Query Editor window in Excel appearing after editing a query from an Excel workbook. If prompted, in the From Table dialog box, you can click the Range Selection button to select a specific range to use as a data source. If the range of data has column headers, you can check My table has headers.

The range header cells are used to set the column names for the query. Note: If your data range has been defined as a named range, or is in an Excel table, then Power Query will automatically sense the entire range and load it into the Query Editor for you. Plain data will automatically be converted to a table when it is loaded into the Query Editor.

You can use the Query Editor to write formulas for Power Query. You can also use the Query Editor to write formulas for Power Query. Note: While trying to import data from a legacy Excel file or an Access database in certain setups, you may encounter an error that the Microsoft Access Database Engine Microsoft. The error occurs on systems with only Office installed. To resolve this error, download the following resources to ensure that you can proceed with the data sources you are trying to access.

Microsoft Access Database Engine Redistributable. Access Database Engine Service Pack 1. In the Access Web dialog box, click a credentials option, and provide authentication values. Power Query will analyze the web page, and load the Navigator pane in Table View. If you know which table you want to connect to, then click it from the list. For this example, we chose the Results table. Otherwise, you can switch to the Web View and pick the appropriate table manually. In this case, we’ve selected the Results table.

Click Load , and Power Query will load the web data you selected into Excel. Windows : This is the default selection. In the next dialog box, select from Default or Custom , Windows , or Database connection options, enter your credentials, then press Connect. In the Navigator pane, select the tables or queries that you want to connect to, then press Load or Edit. In the Browse dialog box, browse for or type a file URL to import or link to a file. Follow the steps in the Navigator dialog to connect to the table or query of your choice.

After the connection succeeds, you will be able to use the Navigator pane to browse and preview the collections of items in the XML file in a tabular form. Save Data Connection File and Finish. In the Select the database that contains the data you want pane, select a database, then click Next. To connect to a specific cube in the database, make sure that Connect to a specific cube or table is selected, and then select a cube from the list.

In the Import Data dialog box, under Select how you want to view this data in your workbook , do one of the following:. To store the selected connection in the workbook for later use, click Only Create Connection. This check box ensures that the connection is used by formulas that contain Cube functions that you create and that you don’t want to create a PivotTable report.

To place the PivotTable report in an existing worksheet, select Existing worksheet , and then type the cell reference of the first cell in the range of cells where you want to locate the PivotTable report.

You can also click Collapse Dialog to temporarily hide the dialog box, select the beginning cell on the worksheet that you want to use, and then press Expand Dialog. To place the PivotTable report in a new worksheet starting at cell A1, click New worksheet.

To verify or change connection properties, click Properties , make the necessary changes in the Connection Properties dialog box, and then click OK.

You can either use Power Query or the Data Connection wizard. In the Access SharePoint dialog box that appears next, select a credentials option:. In the Navigator dialog, select the Database and tables or queries you want to connect to, then press Load or Edit.

In the Active Directory Domain dialog box for your domain, click Use my current credentials , or Use alternate credentials. For Use alternate credentials authentication, enter your Username and Password.

After the connection succeeds, you can use the Navigator pane to browse all the domains available within your Active Directory, and drill down into Active Directory information including Users, Accounts, and Computers. See: Which version of Office am I using? If you aren’t signed in using the Microsoft Work or School account you use to access CDS for Apps, click Sign in and enter the account username and password.

If the data is good to be imported as is, then select the Load option, otherwise choose the Edit option to open the Power Query Editor. Emerging Artists 1. Jelly Roll. Renaissance Beyonce. The World EP. All Charts. The Daily A daily briefing on what matters in the music industry Email Address. On the Scene. Powered by WordPress. Our agency has a catalog of music bands and professional artists from authentic gospel in the African American style, reggae, jazz, soul, Pop, dance Gospel choir for concerts, weddings, and other events June 09, You are organizing an event and you want to listen to the real gospel?

Afro-American gospel: authentic gospel? You are at the right place! Your Gospel Team is a gospel choir, the first one in Switzerland, specialized in the animation of the weddings, concerts, The machine is in good working order. Detailed photos available on request. Perhaps you’d like to talk June 18, June 26, Archived from the original on October 8, Retrieved November 7, August 11, Archived from the original on July 12, September 16, September 28, Archived from the original on February 27, Retrieved November 6, June 1, Retrieved October 8, September 22, Archived from the original on June 26, December 10, Archived from the original on March 6, Retrieved December 10, February 2, Retrieved September 11, October 6, Archived from the original on October 9, Retrieved October 6, Taume News.

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Retrieved January 21, Retrieved February 3, SwiftKey Blog. February 9, Retrieved February 10, Official Microsoft Blog. February 24, Retrieved February 24,

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You can quickly zoom in with your mouse or with the handy controls on the screen. That way, you can always adjust the shared screen to exactly the size you need. Get a closer look at a shared screen at any time, so you never miss a detail. From marathon video calls to wedding bells, this couple relied on Skype to stay connected while living thousands of miles apart. As citizens of the world were faced with the question of how to navigate these challenging times, they looked to technology to find inventive ways to stay connected.

Read on to see our plans for an improved, faster, reliable, and super modern-looking Skype. We’ve been listening closely to your feedback, and many of the changes come directly from your suggestions. Check out some of the highlights we will bring to you over the next few months. Break the ice on your next Skype call by showing off your favorite Super Hero.

Our brand-new digital environments take virtual get-togethers to a whole new level, so you can travel the world without ever leaving home. Video calls just got a whole lot more fun with our new Name Your Call feature. Our fun new features help you stay connected on a massive scale. Large Grid means you can keep an eye on 49 participants at a time — plus, Skype audio and video calls now support up to users. International Women’s Day is a reminder to celebrate women’s achievements and strive for change.

With Skype’s Meet Now, you can connect with the women that inspire you with just one click. Meet some of our female colleagues in Skype who inspire us. Free video calls with one click, no sign ups, no downloads, no passwords. The Skype team has added the ability to Raise Hand during a group call, with 8. Learn how to utilise this feature for your best Skype experience. The Skype team has worked hard and we have added the possibility to Custom your reactions , with 8.

Learn how to add your favourite emojis and customise your reactions. To elevate your experience we’ve added the ability to replace your background.

This way you can keep doing what you love but with that extra bit of privacy you might need. We are proud to bring you Meet Now experience on Skype! Set up your call and invite both Skype and external users in as little as 2 clicks. A few months back, we announced the launch of split window for Windows 10, which lets you put your contact list in one window, and each conversation you open in separate windows.

You can now call and have up to 50 people in a call, all at once. Enjoy our latest features on the new Skype for Web using the most current versions of Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome. Take the stress out of turning on your video and put the focus where it belongs – on you!

Background blur in Skype uses artificial intelligence AI …. With call recording you can capture special moments in a Skype call with your loved ones or record important meetings with colleagues. Limited emergency calling Skype is not a replacement for your telephone and has limited emergency calling capabilities depending on your country. Learn more. Install Skype Free from Google Play.

Host a meeting. Help Ukraine by donating Skype Credit and we will match your donation! Facebook Twitter YouTube Blogs.

 
 

Microsoft access 2016 the complete guide pdf free.Windows Vista editions

 
 

Computer security , cybersecurity cyber security , or information technology security IT security is the protection of computer systems and networks from information disclosure, theft of, or damage to their hardware , software , or electronic data , as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.

The field has become of significance due to the expanded reliance on computer systems , the Internet , [3] and wireless network standards such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi , and due to the growth of “smart” devices , including smartphones , televisions , and the various devices that constitute the Internet of things IoT. Cybersecurity is also one of the significant challenges in the contemporary world , due to the complexity of information systems , both in terms of political usage and technology.

Its primary goal is to ensure the system’s dependability, integrity, and data privacy. Since the Internet ‘s arrival and with the digital transformation initiated in recent years, the notion of cybersecurity has become a familiar subject in both our professional and personal lives. Cybersecurity and cyber threats have been consistently present for the last 50 years of technological change.

In the s and s, computer security was mainly limited to academia until the conception of the Internet, where, with increased connectivity, computer viruses and network intrusions began to take off. After the spread of viruses in the s, the s marked the institutionalization [ clarification needed ] of cyber threats and cybersecurity.

The April session organized by Willis Ware at the Spring Joint Computer Conference , and the later publication of the Ware Report , were foundational moments in the history of the field of computer security. However, in the s and s there were no grave computer threats because computers and the internet were still developing, and security threats were easily identifiable.

Most often, threats came from malicious insiders who gained unauthorized access to sensitive documents and files. Although malware and network breaches existed during the early years, they did not use them for financial gain. By the second half of the s, established computer firms like IBM started offering commercial access control systems and computer security software products.

It started with Creeper in It is considered the first computer worm. In , the first anti-virus software was created, called Reaper. Between September and June , a group of German hackers performed the first documented case of cyber espionage.

The group hacked into American defense contractors, universities, and military bases’ networks and sold gathered information to the Soviet KGB. The group was led by Markus Hess , who was arrested on 29 June He was convicted of espionage along with two co-conspirators on 15 Feb In , one of the first computer worms, called the Morris worm , was distributed via the Internet.

It gained significant mainstream media attention. Netscape had SSL version 1. These weaknesses included replay attacks and a vulnerability that allowed hackers to alter unencrypted communications sent by users. However, in February , Netscape launched the Version 2. Protecting information systems includes evaluating software, identifying security flaws, and taking steps to correct the flaws, which is a defensive action. Collecting intelligence includes exploiting security flaws to extract information, which is an offensive action.

Correcting security flaws makes the flaws unavailable for NSA exploitation. The agency analyzes commonly used software in order to find security flaws, which it reserves for offensive purposes against competitors of the United States.

The agency seldom takes defensive action by reporting the flaws to software producers so that they can eliminate them. The offensive strategy worked for a while, but eventually other nations, including Russia , Iran , North Korea , and China , acquired their own offensive capability and have tended to use it against the United States.

NSA contractors created and sold “click-and-shoot” attack tools to U. NSA’s employees and contractors have been recruited at high salaries by adversaries, anxious to compete in cyberwarfare.

For example, in , the United States and Israel began exploiting security flaws in the Microsoft Windows operating system to attack and damage equipment used in Iran to refine nuclear materials. Iran responded by heavily investing in their own cyberwarfare capability, which they began using against the United States. A vulnerability is a weakness in design, implementation, operation, or internal control.

Most of the vulnerabilities that have been discovered are documented in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures CVE database. A backdoor in a computer system, a cryptosystem or an algorithm , is any secret method of bypassing normal authentication or security controls.

They may exist for many reasons, including by original design or poor configuration. They may have been added by an authorized party to allow some legitimate access, or by an attacker for malicious reasons; but regardless of the motives for their existence, they create a vulnerability.

Backdoors can be very hard to detect, and backdoors are usually discovered by someone who has access to application source code or intimate knowledge of the operating system of the computer.

Denial of service attacks DoS are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. While a network attack from a single IP address can be blocked by adding a new firewall rule, many forms of Distributed denial of service DDoS attacks are possible, where the attack comes from a large number of points — and defending is much more difficult.

Such attacks can originate from the zombie computers of a botnet or from a range of other possible techniques, including reflection and amplification attacks , where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victim. An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly copy data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifications, installing software worms, keyloggers , covert listening devices or using wireless microphones.

Even when the system is protected by standard security measures, these may be bypassed by booting another operating system or tool from a CD-ROM or other bootable media. Disk encryption and Trusted Platform Module are designed to prevent these attacks. Eavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private computer “conversation” communication , typically between hosts on a network. Even machines that operate as a closed system i.

Surfacing in , a new class of multi-vector, [18] polymorphic [19] cyber threats combined several types of attacks and changed form to avoid cybersecurity controls as they spread. Phishing is the attempt of acquiring sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details directly from users by deceiving the users. The fake website often asks for personal information, such as log-in details and passwords.

This information can then be used to gain access to the individual’s real account on the real website. Preying on a victim’s trust, phishing can be classified as a form of social engineering.

Attackers are using creative ways to gain access to real accounts. A common scam is for attackers to send fake electronic invoices [21] to individuals showing that they recently purchased music, apps, or others, and instructing them to click on a link if the purchases were not authorized. Privilege escalation describes a situation where an attacker with some level of restricted access is able to, without authorization, elevate their privileges or access level.

For example, a standard computer user may be able to exploit a vulnerability in the system to gain access to restricted data; or even become ” root ” and have full unrestricted access to a system.

Reverse engineering is the process by which a man-made object is deconstructed to reveal its designs, code, architecture, or to extract knowledge from the object; similar to scientific research, the only difference being that scientific research is about a natural phenomenon. Any computational system affects its environment in some form.

This effect it has on its environment, includes a wide range of criteria, which can range from electromagnetic radiation, to residual effect on RAM cells which as a consequent make a Cold boot attack possible, to hardware implementation faults which allow for access and or guessing of other values that normally should be inaccessible. In Side-channel attack scenarios the attacker would gather such information about a system or network to guess its internal state, and as a result access the information which is assumed by the victim to be secure.

Social engineering , in the context of computer security, aims to convince a user to disclose secrets such as passwords, card numbers, etc. A common scam involves emails sent to accounting and finance department personnel, impersonating their CEO and urgently requesting some action.

In May , the Milwaukee Bucks NBA team was the victim of this type of cyber scam with a perpetrator impersonating the team’s president Peter Feigin , resulting in the handover of all the team’s employees’ W-2 tax forms. Spoofing is an act of masquerading as a valid entity through falsification of data such as an IP address or username , in order to gain access to information or resources that one is otherwise unauthorized to obtain. Tampering describes a malicious modification or alteration of data.

So-called Evil Maid attacks and security services planting of surveillance capability into routers are examples. Malicious software malware installed on a computer can leak any information, such as personal information, business information and passwords, can give control of the system to the attacker, and can corrupt or delete data permanently.

Employee behavior can have a big impact on information security in organizations. Cultural concepts can help different segments of the organization work effectively or work against effectiveness towards information security within an organization.

Information security culture is the ” Andersson and Reimers found that employees often do not see themselves as part of their organization’s information security effort and often take actions that impede organizational changes. The growth in the number of computer systems and the increasing reliance upon them by individuals, businesses, industries, and governments means that there are an increasing number of systems at risk. The computer systems of financial regulators and financial institutions like the U.

Securities and Exchange Commission , SWIFT, investment banks, and commercial banks are prominent hacking targets for cybercriminals interested in manipulating markets and making illicit gains. Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications , the power grid , nuclear power plants , and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks.

The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrated that even equipment controlled by computers not connected to the Internet can be vulnerable.

In , the Computer Emergency Readiness Team , a division of the Department of Homeland Security , investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies. The aviation industry is very reliant on a series of complex systems which could be attacked. The consequences of a successful attack range from loss of confidentiality to loss of system integrity, air traffic control outages, loss of aircraft, and even loss of life. Desktop computers and laptops are commonly targeted to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target.

Smartphones , tablet computers , smart watches , and other mobile devices such as quantified self devices like activity trackers have sensors such as cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers which could be exploited, and may collect personal information, including sensitive health information.

WiFi, Bluetooth, and cell phone networks on any of these devices could be used as attack vectors, and sensors might be remotely activated after a successful breach. The increasing number of home automation devices such as the Nest thermostat are also potential targets. Large corporations are common targets. In many cases attacks are aimed at financial gain through identity theft and involve data breaches. Examples include the loss of millions of clients’ credit card details by Home Depot , [47] Staples , [48] Target Corporation , [49] and the most recent breach of Equifax.

Medical records have been targeted in general identify theft, health insurance fraud, and impersonating patients to obtain prescription drugs for recreational purposes or resale. Not all attacks are financially motivated, however: security firm HBGary Federal suffered a serious series of attacks in from hacktivist group Anonymous in retaliation for the firm’s CEO claiming to have infiltrated their group, [53] [54] and Sony Pictures was hacked in with the apparent dual motive of embarrassing the company through data leaks and crippling the company by wiping workstations and servers.

Vehicles are increasingly computerized, with engine timing, cruise control , anti-lock brakes , seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver-assistance systems on many models. Additionally, connected cars may use WiFi and Bluetooth to communicate with onboard consumer devices and the cell phone network. All of these systems carry some security risk, and such issues have gained wide attention.

Simple examples of risk include a malicious compact disc being used as an attack vector, [61] and the car’s onboard microphones being used for eavesdropping. However, if access is gained to a car’s internal controller area network , the danger is much greater [57] — and in a widely publicized test, hackers remotely carjacked a vehicle from 10 miles away and drove it into a ditch.

Manufacturers are reacting in numerous ways, with Tesla in pushing out some security fixes “over the air” into its cars’ computer systems. Government and military computer systems are commonly attacked by activists [67] [68] [69] and foreign powers.

The Internet of things IoT is the network of physical objects such as devices, vehicles, and buildings that are embedded with electronics , software , sensors , and network connectivity that enables them to collect and exchange data.

Aug 03,  · Free video calls with one click, no sign ups, no downloads, no passwords. With Meet Now in the Windows 10 taskbar, Outlook, and more, Enjoy our latest features on the new Skype for Web using the most current versions of Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome. Note When you use a workbook connected to a SQL Server Analysis Services database, you may need additional information to answer specific product questions, such as reference information about multidimensional expressions (MDX), or configuration procedures for an online analytical processing (OLAP) server.. Select Data > Get External Data > From Database > From . Deep Dive: Not Your Father’s Catalog Music Streaming has made catalog music more important than ever – but the catalog that’s growing isn’t necessarily what you’d expect. Computer security, cybersecurity (cyber security), or information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems and networks from information disclosure, theft of, or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data, as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.. The field has become of significance due to the .

The following chart indicates the possible upgrade paths:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikimedia list article. News Center. Retrieved May 26, Ars Technica. Retrieved June 2, January 29, Retrieved April 3, January 17, Redmond Magazine.

Retrieved May 30, Windows Vista Team Blog. Archived from the original on November 10, Windows How-to. SuperSite for Windows.

Archived from the original on March 16, Retrieved October 23, Archived from the original on June 8, PC World. Retrieved October 25, Archived from the original RTF on September 7, Archived from the original on March 7, Archived PDF from the original on January 31, Help with Windows. Archived from the original PDF on August 2, Supersite for Windows. Retrieved April 29, CBS Interactive. Softpedia News. Retrieved 8 June Archived from the original on January 21, Windows Hardware Engineering Conference Archived from the original EXE on December 22, Retrieved September 1, Retrieved June 15, Archived from the original on April 30, January 21, Archived from the original on February 2, January 6, Archived from the original on September 9, Vista SP1 — Which is fastest?

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